Artificial Intelligences (A.I.s) are computer programs that are able to adjust their behaviour according to data they see. So A.I.s are able to adjust to the data a human player generates.
Solved games ¶
There is a number of games which are definitely solved. That means the A.I. plays perfectly:
- Tic-Tac-Toe
- Connect Four: A Knowledge-based Approach of Connect-Four. Amsterdam, 1988. Victor Allis.
- Checkers:
See also: Solved Game
Computers win always ¶
A second category are games in which A.I.s always win against human players, but they don't have a perfect strategy. Or at least we have not proven that they have a perfect strategy:
- Chess
- Go on a 5×5 board
- Reversi on a 4×4 board
Update: There are advances on the 19×19 field:
- Paper
- Nature: Mastering the game of Go with deep neural networks and tree search
- YouTube by nature: The computer that mastered Go
- Google Blog: AlphaGo: using machine learning to master the ancient game of Go
Unspecialized Game A.I.s ¶
The following video is an explanation and demo of software Tom Murphy VII wrote that learns how to play a Nintendo Entertainment System game and then automatically plays it. It's called "learnfun" (for learn function).
You might want to skip to 6:13 for the demo:
Interesting parts:
09:46- Ridiculous Super Mario move14:20- Super packman move15:57- Tetris: The best move is not to play
Research paper published in SIGBOVIK 2013: "The first level of Super Mario Bros. is easy with lexicographic ordering a and time travel ...after that it gets a little tricky."
There is a follow-up video with Zelda, Punch-Out, Dr. Mario (10:27), Contra (12:10), Wall Street Kid (14:30) and Russian Attack (18:10):
Interesting parts:
10:25- Exploiting a Random number generator in Dr. Mario18:15- Russian Attack: Finding a save spot20:58- Russian Attack: Fight fast
And a third episode with Super Mario, Gradius (4:06), Mega Man 2 (8:30), Pro Wrestling, Color a Dinosaur, Nintendo Pinball (13:40), Cliffhanger (15:20), Arkanoid (16:33), Double Dare (19:22), Ice hockey (21:44):
Interesting parts:
04:45: Playing Gradius like a YoLo-Pro05:42: Gradius - Insta-Kill the Boss10:04: Mega Man 2 - Manipulate the random number generator16:33: Arkanoid (Break Out) - Manipulate the random number generator