Here is an overview of sizes in LaTeX:
TikZ
Usage example:
\draw[ultra thick, blue,dashed](a -| current plot begin) -- (a);
ultra thinvery thinthinsemithickthickvery thickultra thick- more
Text
Usage example:
\Huge $\varepsilon$
\tiny\scriptsize\footnotesize\small\normalsize\large\Large\LARGE\huge\Huge
Math
Formulas
Usage example:
$\scriptstyle \lim_{n \rightarrow \infty} (1 + \frac{1}{n})^n$
\scriptscriptstyle\scriptstyle\textstyle\displaystyle
Parentheses
The size of brackets [ ], (curly) braces { } and parentheses ( ) can be
adjusted with these commands:
$$-1+x ( x \big( 1+ x\Big(2 + x \bigg(3+ x\Bigg(4+x \Bigg) \bigg) \Big) \big) )$$
The result will look like this
